dojo/_base/Deferred.js

  • Provides:

    • dojo
  • dojo.when

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • promiseOrValue: (typeof )
      • callback: (typeof Function)
      • errback: (typeof Function)
      • progressHandler: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
       if(promiseOrValue && typeof promiseOrValue.then === "function"){
        return promiseOrValue.then(callback, errback, progressHandler);
       }
       return callback(promiseOrValue);
    • summary
      This provides normalization between normal synchronous values and
      asynchronous promises, so you can interact with them in a common way
    • example
      
      	function printFirstAndList(items){
      		dojo.when(findFirst(items), console.log);
      		dojo.when(findLast(items), console.log);
      	}
      	function findFirst(items){
      		return dojo.when(items, function(items){
      			return items[0];
      		});
      	}
      	function findLast(items){
      		return dojo.when(items, function(items){
      			return items[items.length];
      		});
      	}
      And now all three of his functions can be used sync or async.
      
      	printFirstAndLast([1,2,3,4]) will work just as well as
      	printFirstAndLast(dojo.xhrGet(...));
  • dojo.Deferred

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • canceller: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
        var result, finished, isError, head, nextListener;
        var promise = (this.promise = {});

        
        function complete(value){
         if(finished){
          throw new Error("This deferred has already been resolved");
         }
         result = value;
         finished = true;
         notify();
        }
        function notify(){
         var mutated;
         while(!mutated && nextListener){
          var listener = nextListener;
          nextListener = nextListener.next;
          if((mutated = (listener.progress == mutator))){ // assignment and check
           finished = false;
          }
          var func = (isError ? listener.error : listener.resolved);
          if (func) {
           try {
            var newResult = func(result);
            if (newResult && typeof newResult.then === "function") {
             newResult.then(dojo.hitch(listener.deferred, "resolve"), dojo.hitch(listener.deferred, "reject"));
             continue;
            }
            var unchanged = mutated && newResult === undefined;
            if(mutated && !unchanged){
             isError = newResult instanceof Error;
            }
            listener.deferred[unchanged && isError ? "reject" : "resolve"](unchanged ? result : newResult);
           }
           catch (e) {
            listener.deferred.reject(e);
           }
          }else {
           if(isError){
            listener.deferred.reject(result);
           }else{
            listener.deferred.resolve(result);
           }
          }
         }
        }
        // calling resolve will resolve the promise
        this.resolve = this.callback = function(value){
         // summary:
         //  Fulfills the Deferred instance successfully with the provide value
         this.fired = 0;
         this.results = [value, null];
         complete(value);
        };

        

        
        // calling error will indicate that the promise failed
        this.reject = this.errback = function(error){
         // summary:
         //  Fulfills the Deferred instance as an error with the provided error
         isError = true;
         this.fired = 1;
         complete(error);
         this.results = [null, error];
         if(!error || error.log !== false){
          (dojo.config.deferredOnError || function(x){ console.error(x); })(error);
         }
        };
        // call progress to provide updates on the progress on the completion of the promise
        this.progress = function(update){
         // summary
         //  Send progress events to all listeners
         var listener = nextListener;
         while(listener){
          var progress = listener.progress;
          progress && progress(update);
          listener = listener.next;
         }
        };
        this.addCallbacks = function(/*Function?*/callback, /*Function?*/errback){
         this.then(callback, errback, mutator);
         return this;
        };
        // provide the implementation of the promise
        this.then = promise.then = function(/*Function?*/resolvedCallback, /*Function?*/errorCallback, /*Function?*/progressCallback){
         // summary:
         //   Adds a fulfilledHandler, errorHandler, and progressHandler to be called for
         //   completion of a promise. The fulfilledHandler is called when the promise
         //   is fulfilled. The errorHandler is called when a promise fails. The
         //   progressHandler is called for progress events. All arguments are optional
         //   and non-function values are ignored. The progressHandler is not only an
         //   optional argument, but progress events are purely optional. Promise
         //   providers are not required to ever create progress events.
         //
         //   This function will return a new promise that is fulfilled when the given
         //   fulfilledHandler or errorHandler callback is finished. This allows promise
         //   operations to be chained together. The value returned from the callback
         //   handler is the fulfillment value for the returned promise. If the callback
         //   throws an error, the returned promise will be moved to failed state.
         //
         // example:
         //   An example of using a CommonJS compliant promise:
         //  | asyncComputeTheAnswerToEverything().
         //  |  then(addTwo).
         //  |  then(printResult, onError);
         //  | >44
         //
         var returnDeferred = progressCallback == mutator ? this : new dojo.Deferred(promise.cancel);
         var listener = {
          resolved: resolvedCallback,
          error: errorCallback,
          progress: progressCallback,
          deferred: returnDeferred
         };
         if(nextListener){
          head = head.next = listener;
         }
         else{
          nextListener = head = listener;
         }
         if(finished){
          notify();
         }
         return returnDeferred.promise;
        };
        var deferred = this;
        this.cancel = promise.cancel = function () {
         // summary:
         //  Cancels the asynchronous operation
         if(!finished){
          var error = canceller && canceller(deferred);
          if(!finished){
           if (!(error instanceof Error)) {
            error = new Error(error);
           }
           error.log = false;
           deferred.reject(error);
          }
         }
        };
        freeze(promise);
    • summary
      Deferreds provide a generic means for encapsulating an asynchronous
      operation and notifying users of the completion and result of the operation.
    • description
      The dojo.Deferred API is based on the concept of promises that provide a
      generic interface into the eventual completion of an asynchronous action.
      The motivation for promises fundamentally is about creating a
      separation of concerns that allows one to achieve the same type of
      call patterns and logical data flow in asynchronous code as can be
      achieved in synchronous code. Promises allows one
      to be able to call a function purely with arguments needed for
      execution, without conflating the call with concerns of whether it is
      sync or async. One shouldn't need to alter a call's arguments if the
      implementation switches from sync to async (or vice versa). By having
      async functions return promises, the concerns of making the call are
      separated from the concerns of asynchronous interaction (which are
      handled by the promise).
      
      The dojo.Deferred is a type of promise that provides methods for fulfilling the
      promise with a successful result or an error. The most important method for
      working with Dojo's promises is the then() method, which follows the
      CommonJS proposed promise API. An example of using a Dojo promise:
      
       	var resultingPromise = someAsyncOperation.then(function(result){
      		... handle result ...
      	},
      	function(error){
      		... handle error ...
      	});
      
      The .then() call returns a new promise that represents the result of the
      execution of the callback. The callbacks will never affect the original promises value.
      
      The dojo.Deferred instances also provide the following functions for backwards compatibility:
      
      * addCallback(handler)
      * addErrback(handler)
      * callback(result)
      * errback(result)
      
      Callbacks are allowed to return promises themselves, so
      you can build complicated sequences of events with ease.
      
      The creator of the Deferred may specify a canceller.  The canceller
      is a function that will be called if Deferred.cancel is called
      before the Deferred fires. You can use this to implement clean
      aborting of an XMLHttpRequest, etc. Note that cancel will fire the
      deferred with a CancelledError (unless your canceller returns
      another kind of error), so the errbacks should be prepared to
      handle that error for cancellable Deferreds.
    • example
      
      	var deferred = new dojo.Deferred();
      	setTimeout(function(){ deferred.callback({success: true}); }, 1000);
      	return deferred;
    • example
      Deferred objects are often used when making code asynchronous. It
      may be easiest to write functions in a synchronous manner and then
      split code using a deferred to trigger a response to a long-lived
      operation. For example, instead of register a callback function to
      denote when a rendering operation completes, the function can
      simply return a deferred:
      
      	// callback style:
      	function renderLotsOfData(data, callback){
      		var success = false
      		try{
      			for(var x in data){
      				renderDataitem(data[x]);
      			}
      			success = true;
      		}catch(e){ }
      		if(callback){
      			callback(success);
      		}
      	}
      
      	// using callback style
      	renderLotsOfData(someDataObj, function(success){
      		// handles success or failure
      		if(!success){
      			promptUserToRecover();
      		}
      	});
      	// NOTE: no way to add another callback here!!
    • example
      Using a Deferred doesn't simplify the sending code any, but it
      provides a standard interface for callers and senders alike,
      providing both with a simple way to service multiple callbacks for
      an operation and freeing both sides from worrying about details
      such as "did this get called already?". With Deferreds, new
      callbacks can be added at any time.
      
      	// Deferred style:
      	function renderLotsOfData(data){
      		var d = new dojo.Deferred();
      		try{
      			for(var x in data){
      				renderDataitem(data[x]);
      			}
      			d.callback(true);
      		}catch(e){
      			d.errback(new Error("rendering failed"));
      		}
      		return d;
      	}
      
      	// using Deferred style
      	renderLotsOfData(someDataObj).then(null, function(){
      		promptUserToRecover();
      	});
      	// NOTE: addErrback and addCallback both return the Deferred
      	// again, so we could chain adding callbacks or save the
      	// deferred for later should we need to be notified again.
    • example
      In this example, renderLotsOfData is synchronous and so both
      versions are pretty artificial. Putting the data display on a
      timeout helps show why Deferreds rock:
      
      	// Deferred style and async func
      	function renderLotsOfData(data){
      		var d = new dojo.Deferred();
      		setTimeout(function(){
      			try{
      				for(var x in data){
      					renderDataitem(data[x]);
      				}
      				d.callback(true);
      			}catch(e){
      				d.errback(new Error("rendering failed"));
      			}
      		}, 100);
      		return d;
      	}
      
      	// using Deferred style
      	renderLotsOfData(someDataObj).then(null, function(){
      		promptUserToRecover();
      	});
      
      Note that the caller doesn't have to change his code at all to
      handle the asynchronous case.
  • dojo.Deferred.promise

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.resolve

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.fired

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.results

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.reject

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.progress

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • update: (typeof )
    • source: [view]
      define("dojo/_base/Deferred", ["dojo/lib/kernel", "dojo/_base/lang"], function(dojo){


      (function(){
       var mutator = function(){};
       var freeze = Object.freeze || function(){};
       // A deferred provides an API for creating and resolving a promise.
       dojo.Deferred = function(/*Function?*/canceller){
       // summary:
       //  Deferreds provide a generic means for encapsulating an asynchronous
       //   operation and notifying users of the completion and result of the operation.
       // description:
       //  The dojo.Deferred API is based on the concept of promises that provide a
       //  generic interface into the eventual completion of an asynchronous action.
       //  The motivation for promises fundamentally is about creating a
       //  separation of concerns that allows one to achieve the same type of
       //  call patterns and logical data flow in asynchronous code as can be
       //  achieved in synchronous code. Promises allows one
       //  to be able to call a function purely with arguments needed for
       //  execution, without conflating the call with concerns of whether it is
       //  sync or async. One shouldn't need to alter a call's arguments if the
       //  implementation switches from sync to async (or vice versa). By having
       //  async functions return promises, the concerns of making the call are
       //  separated from the concerns of asynchronous interaction (which are
       //  handled by the promise).
       //
       //  The dojo.Deferred is a type of promise that provides methods for fulfilling the
       //   promise with a successful result or an error. The most important method for
       //   working with Dojo's promises is the then() method, which follows the
       //   CommonJS proposed promise API. An example of using a Dojo promise:
       //
       //  |  var resultingPromise = someAsyncOperation.then(function(result){
       //  |  ... handle result ...
       //  | },
       //  | function(error){
       //  |  ... handle error ...
       //  | });
       //
       //  The .then() call returns a new promise that represents the result of the
       //   execution of the callback. The callbacks will never affect the original promises value.
       //
       //  The dojo.Deferred instances also provide the following functions for backwards compatibility:
       //
       //   * addCallback(handler)
       //   * addErrback(handler)
       //   * callback(result)
       //   * errback(result)
       //
       //  Callbacks are allowed to return promises themselves, so
       //  you can build complicated sequences of events with ease.
       //
       //  The creator of the Deferred may specify a canceller. The canceller
       //  is a function that will be called if Deferred.cancel is called
       //  before the Deferred fires. You can use this to implement clean
       //  aborting of an XMLHttpRequest, etc. Note that cancel will fire the
       //  deferred with a CancelledError (unless your canceller returns
       //  another kind of error), so the errbacks should be prepared to
       //  handle that error for cancellable Deferreds.
       // example:
       // | var deferred = new dojo.Deferred();
       // | setTimeout(function(){ deferred.callback({success: true}); }, 1000);
       // | return deferred;
       // example:
       //  Deferred objects are often used when making code asynchronous. It
       //  may be easiest to write functions in a synchronous manner and then
       //  split code using a deferred to trigger a response to a long-lived
       //  operation. For example, instead of register a callback function to
       //  denote when a rendering operation completes, the function can
       //  simply return a deferred:
       //
       //  | // callback style:
       //  | function renderLotsOfData(data, callback){
       //  |  var success = false
       //  |  try{
       //  |   for(var x in data){
       //  |    renderDataitem(data[x]);
       //  |   }
       //  |   success = true;
       //  |  }catch(e){ }
       //  |  if(callback){
       //  |   callback(success);
       //  |  }
       //  | }
       //
       //  | // using callback style
       //  | renderLotsOfData(someDataObj, function(success){
       //  |  // handles success or failure
       //  |  if(!success){
       //  |   promptUserToRecover();
       //  |  }
       //  | });
       //  | // NOTE: no way to add another callback here!!
       // example:
       //  Using a Deferred doesn't simplify the sending code any, but it
       //  provides a standard interface for callers and senders alike,
       //  providing both with a simple way to service multiple callbacks for
       //  an operation and freeing both sides from worrying about details
       //  such as "did this get called already?". With Deferreds, new
       //  callbacks can be added at any time.
       //
       //  | // Deferred style:
       //  | function renderLotsOfData(data){
       //  |  var d = new dojo.Deferred();
       //  |  try{
       //  |   for(var x in data){
       //  |    renderDataitem(data[x]);
       //  |   }
       //  |   d.callback(true);
       //  |  }catch(e){
       //  |   d.errback(new Error("rendering failed"));
       //  |  }
       //  |  return d;
       //  | }
       //
       //  | // using Deferred style
       //  | renderLotsOfData(someDataObj).then(null, function(){
       //  |  promptUserToRecover();
       //  | });
       //  | // NOTE: addErrback and addCallback both return the Deferred
       //  | // again, so we could chain adding callbacks or save the
       //  | // deferred for later should we need to be notified again.
       // example:
       //  In this example, renderLotsOfData is synchronous and so both
       //  versions are pretty artificial. Putting the data display on a
       //  timeout helps show why Deferreds rock:
       //
       //  | // Deferred style and async func
       //  | function renderLotsOfData(data){
       //  |  var d = new dojo.Deferred();
       //  |  setTimeout(function(){
       //  |   try{
       //  |    for(var x in data){
       //  |     renderDataitem(data[x]);
       //  |    }
       //  |    d.callback(true);
       //  |   }catch(e){
       //  |    d.errback(new Error("rendering failed"));
       //  |   }
       //  |  }, 100);
       //  |  return d;
       //  | }
       //
       //  | // using Deferred style
       //  | renderLotsOfData(someDataObj).then(null, function(){
       //  |  promptUserToRecover();
       //  | });
       //
       //  Note that the caller doesn't have to change his code at all to
       //  handle the asynchronous case.
        var result, finished, isError, head, nextListener;
        var promise = (this.promise = {});

        
        function complete(value){
         if(finished){
          throw new Error("This deferred has already been resolved");
         }
         result = value;
         finished = true;
         notify();
        }
        function notify(){
         var mutated;
         while(!mutated && nextListener){
          var listener = nextListener;
          nextListener = nextListener.next;
          if((mutated = (listener.progress == mutator))){ // assignment and check
           finished = false;
          }
          var func = (isError ? listener.error : listener.resolved);
          if (func) {
           try {
            var newResult = func(result);
            if (newResult && typeof newResult.then === "function") {
             newResult.then(dojo.hitch(listener.deferred, "resolve"), dojo.hitch(listener.deferred, "reject"));
             continue;
            }
            var unchanged = mutated && newResult === undefined;
            if(mutated && !unchanged){
             isError = newResult instanceof Error;
            }
            listener.deferred[unchanged && isError ? "reject" : "resolve"](unchanged ? result : newResult);
           }
           catch (e) {
            listener.deferred.reject(e);
           }
          }else {
           if(isError){
            listener.deferred.reject(result);
           }else{
            listener.deferred.resolve(result);
           }
          }
         }
        }
        // calling resolve will resolve the promise
        this.resolve = this.callback = function(value){
         // summary:
         //  Fulfills the Deferred instance successfully with the provide value
         this.fired = 0;
         this.results = [value, null];
         complete(value);
        };

        

        
        // calling error will indicate that the promise failed
        this.reject = this.errback = function(error){
         // summary:
         //  Fulfills the Deferred instance as an error with the provided error
         isError = true;
         this.fired = 1;
         complete(error);
         this.results = [null, error];
         if(!error || error.log !== false){
          (dojo.config.deferredOnError || function(x){ console.error(x); })(error);
         }
        };
        // call progress to provide updates on the progress on the completion of the promise
        this.progress = function(update){
         // summary
         //  Send progress events to all listeners
         var listener = nextListener;
         while(listener){
          var progress = listener.progress;
          progress && progress(update);
          listener = listener.next;
         }
    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.addCallbacks

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • callback: (typeof Function)
      • errback: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
         this.then(callback, errback, mutator);
         return this;
    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.then

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.cancel

    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.callback

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • value: (typeof )
    • source: [view]
         this.fired = 0;
         this.results = [value, null];
         complete(value);
    • summary
      Fulfills the Deferred instance successfully with the provide value
  • dojo.Deferred.errback

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • error: (typeof )
    • source: [view]
         isError = true;
         this.fired = 1;
         complete(error);
         this.results = [null, error];
         if(!error || error.log !== false){
          (dojo.config.deferredOnError || function(x){ console.error(x); })(error);
         }
    • summary
      Fulfills the Deferred instance as an error with the provided error
  • dojo.Deferred.addCallback

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • callback: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
         return this.addCallbacks(dojo.hitch.apply(dojo, arguments));
    • chains:
      • dojo.hitch: (call)
    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.addErrback

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • errback: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
         return this.addCallbacks(null, dojo.hitch.apply(dojo, arguments));
    • chains:
      • dojo.hitch: (call)
    • summary
  • dojo.Deferred.addBoth

    • type
      Function
    • parameters:
      • callback: (typeof Function)
    • source: [view]
         var enclosed = dojo.hitch.apply(dojo, arguments);
         return this.addCallbacks(enclosed, enclosed);
    • chains:
      • dojo.hitch: (call)
    • summary
  • dojo

    • type
      Object
    • summary